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The differences between switch-mode power supplies and linear power supplies in terms of terminal connections!

发布时间:2020-05-19

In switch-mode power supplies, the regulating transistor operates in saturation and cutoff, resulting in low heat dissipation, high efficiency (exceeding 75%), and the elimination of bulky transformers. However, the DC output of a switch-mode power supply typically contains significant ripple—around 50 mV at a 5 V output under typical conditions—which can be mitigated by paralleling a Zener diode at the output. Additionally, the switching action generates substantial high‑frequency spike interference, necessitating the insertion of ferrite beads in the circuit to suppress such noise. By contrast, linear power supplies do not suffer from these drawbacks, and their output ripple can be kept very low—below 5 mV. For switch-mode power supplies, the most commonly used terminal blocks are barrier-type terminals, such as models 9500, 825, and 611.

 Switching power supply

For applications with stringent requirements on power efficiency and physical footprint, switch-mode power supplies are preferable. Conversely, when electromagnetic interference and power‑supply purity are critical—such as in capacitor leakage‑current testing—linear power supplies are typically chosen. Additionally, when isolation is required in a circuit, DC–DC converters are now commonly used to supply the isolated section; by their operating principle, DC–DC converters are essentially switch-mode power supplies. Furthermore, the high‑frequency transformers employed in switch-mode power supplies can be relatively cumbersome to wind.
In linear power supplies, the regulating transistor operates in the active region, resulting in significant heat dissipation and relatively low efficiency (around 35%). This necessitates the use of bulky heat sinks, as well as a similarly large‑sized mains‑frequency transformer. When multiple output voltage rails are required, the transformer becomes even more cumbersome. With regard to connector types, linear power supplies typically employ connectors such as XH2.54 terminals.