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Can a constant-voltage, constant-current power supply be used in place of a lithium‑battery charger?

所属分类： Industry News

发布时间：2020-05-22

Lithium‑battery charging begins with constant‑current charging, and once the cell voltage reaches a certain threshold, it switches to constant‑voltage mode. Why is constant current followed by constant voltage? In fact, whether operating in constant‑voltage or constant‑current mode, the underlying principle is to “activate” the battery. Constant‑current charging delivers a steady, relatively high current that drives the electrochemical reactions. As these reactions progress, a passivation layer forms on the electrode surface, increasing internal resistance. The resulting ohmic polarization causes a deviation in the electrode potential. At this point, switching to constant‑voltage charging becomes necessary: as charging continues, the back‑EMF rises, reducing the overall circuit EMF, which in turn lowers the current. This diminishes polarization over time, allowing for precise control of the charge termination.

Lithium battery charger

Lithium battery charging process
    Lithium battery charger If the design fully meets the requirements of lithium‑battery charging, can a constant‑voltage/constant‑current power supply be used in place of a dedicated lithium‑battery charger?
 
A constant‑voltage, constant‑current power supply is a type of switching power supply. Its key distinction from conventional switching supplies is that it incorporates both constant‑voltage and constant‑current circuits internally, allowing the output voltage and current to be continuously adjusted from zero up to their rated values. In practical operation, the system automatically switches between constant‑voltage and constant‑current modes. Lithium‑battery chargers are essentially constant‑voltage, constant‑current power supplies as well: they deliver a steady output current that remains unaffected by fluctuations in mains voltage or load conditions, and most are equipped with circuitry that continuously monitors battery voltage, effectively preventing overcharging.
 
The key difference between a lithium‑battery charger and a constant‑voltage/constant‑current power supply is that the former can monitor the battery voltage, whereas the latter cannot. Consequently, if you use a constant‑voltage/constant‑current power supply to charge a lithium battery, the battery must be equipped with a protection circuit board.
 
It is feasible to use a constant‑voltage, constant‑current power supply in place of a lithium‑battery charger to charge lithium batteries. The primary advantage is centralized charging—charging multiple lithium batteries in series or parallel as a single unit—which is convenient, efficient, and time‑saving.

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