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All colleagues unite and focus their efforts to write a new chapter of developmentWhat is PD fast charging? A detailed explanation of the USB PD fast-charging protocol.
所属分类： Industry News
发布时间：2020-06-11
With growing market demand and a wide array of solutions, numerous fast‑charging protocols have emerged, including Qualcomm Quick Charge™ 2.0/3.0 (QC2.0/3.0), MediaTek PumpExpress™ Plus (PE+ 1.0/2.0), Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging (AFC), Huawei Fast Charging Protocol (FCP), Huawei SuperCharge Protocol (SCP) for direct charging, proprietary protocols from other OEMs, USB Power Delivery (USB PD 2.0, 3.0), USB‑IF Programmable Power Supply (PPS), Qualcomm Quick Charge™ 4+ (QC4+), and more.
Today, we will primarily introduce the following types of USB Power Delivery (PD) fast-charging protocols defined by the USB-IF organization:
USB PD And USB Type‑C™: USB Type‑C™ is a new connector technology that offers significantly greater versatility. It features 22 pins, whereas Type‑A and Type‑B connectors provide only 4 pins. It can replace power outlets (up to 100 W), offering additional pins for USB Power Delivery and higher current ratings of 3–5 A, compared to the 2 A rating of Type‑B.
USB Type‑C™ technology is universally compatible and supports bidirectional data transfer, with USB Type‑C™ connectors on both ends of the cable and no distinction between top or bottom for insertion. It is suitable for all mobile, computing, and TV applications and is supported by all major consumer‑electronics OEMs. Moreover, it is significantly smaller than Type‑A, enabling more compact device designs.
USB PD 2.0 Standard Functions: USB PD is a communication protocol that operates via the Configuration Channel pins (CC1/CC2) on the USB Type‑C™ connector. USB PD 2.0 provides standard functions through USB PD Power Delivery Objects (PDOs). The standard PDO structure supports up to seven discrete voltage levels, each associated with a specific current limit. A variety of product options are available, enabling PDOs to accommodate systems with different functional requirements.
USB PD Extension Features: USB PD 3.0 is backward compatible with USB PD 2.0 and introduces direct‑charging functionality. Its theoretical maximum data rate is 5.0 Gbps (or 500 MB/s). It also supports a new type of Enhanced Power Delivery Data Object (APDO) for Programmable Power Supply (PPS) mode. Mobile devices can precisely request and regulate the output voltage of the power adapter within specified limits, while enabling programmable current foldback. Additionally, it provides a novel mechanism to support direct charging and other charging algorithms. PPS requires a voltage resolution of 20 mV per step, with the minimum voltage adjustable down to 3.3 V. Portable power adapters designed with PPS can directly charge batteries in mobile devices, including smartphones, helping to address thermal‑management and cost challenges in mobile device power management.
In addition, in 2017, the USB‑IF released a major update to USB PD 3.0, officially introducing PPS (Programmable Power Supply) as a unified standard for fast‑charging technologies, thereby incorporating Qualcomm’s QC 4.0—by this point,
PD fast charging It is compatible with Qualcomm’s QC 4.0 fast‑charging protocol, which is of particular significance for standardizing fast‑charging specifications.